Lymphoedema

What is lymphoedema?

Lymphoedema is swelling caused by a build-up of lymph fluid in the surface tissues of the body. Following treatment for breast cancer this lymph fluid build-up may occur as a result of damage to the lymphatic system because of surgery and/or radiotherapy to the lymph nodes in the armpit (axilla) and surrounding area. Sometimes it can be due to cancer cells in the lymph system.

If you think you have developed lymphoedema, it is important to contact your breast care nurse or specialist team for an assessment. The sooner you are treated, the better the outcome may be.

What physical symptoms might I have?

Swelling

Swelling in the arm, hand or finger(s) can occur on the side of the body you had your operation or radiotherapy on.

Swelling can also develop in the breast or chest wall, on the affected side, following treatment for breast cancer. Although some swelling is normal after surgery, this normally disappears after a few weeks.

Sometimes the swelling can be more persistent. Your breast may feel heavy and you may notice indentations left by your bra on the skin (breast oedema). This can be uncomfortable and sometimes painful. If it lasts for more than a few weeks after your treatment has finished, or develops at a later stage, contact your breast care nurse or specialist team.

A well-fitted bra can help to support the breast and ease some of the discomfort. If your arm or breast is red, inflamed and painful contact your GP as you may have an infection and need antibiotics.

Tightness

The arm can feel tight when there is extra fluid in the tissues. Some people feel tightness in the arm without the arm appearing swollen.

Dry skin

Stretched skin can become dry and flaky and prone to infection. It can sometimes feel itchy. Try to keep the skin clean by washing gently, avoiding soaps that dry out the skin. Dry your arm and hand thoroughly after washing and use a moisturising cream, such as aqueous cream, to help keep the skin supple and moist. This will help protect the skin and ease these symptoms.

Arm stiffness

If your arm is swollen, it may limit movement in the joints. It is important to exercise your arm and shoulder regularly in order to reduce stiffness and encourage lymph drainage. If you were given specific exercises after your surgery or radiotherapy it is vital to continue doing them for as long as recommended.

Discomfort

Lymphoedema is not usually painful although some people may experience discomfort. Many people complain of a tight, heavy feeling in the arm and the discomfort tends to be dull and vague. Discomfort often occurs after strenuous activity, so it is best to avoid this. Try resting the arm on pillows or cushions, doing some gentle exercise or taking painkillers.

Infection

If your arm suddenly becomes painful with redness, increased swelling or a rash, you may have developed an infection. This is called cellulitis. Flu-like symptoms are often the first sign and your arm may also become hot to the touch. These symptoms need attention from your GP urgently and you will probably need to start taking a course of antibiotics straight away.

If you have repeated infections you may be prescribed a low-dose antibiotic to take continuously.

Where can I go for treatment?

In many cases the breast care nurse at your hospital will be able to help and advise you about mild lymphoedema. If you have swelling for some time or it is associated with other symptoms, you may need to be referred to a lymphoedema clinic for more specialist treatment and advice.

If you would like to find out where your nearest clinic is, contact your doctor, breast care nurse or telephone our Helpline on 0808 800 6000 (textphone 0808 800 6001). We have a directory of clinics throughout the country and can give you details on how to contact them.